Resumen Persea schiedeana Nees es un árbol frutal nativo de Mesoamérica, parcialmente endémico de México, se ubica a lo largo de la llanura del golfo de México. El objetivo fue evaluar los descriptores edafoclimáticos, morfológicos, químicos y comparar las diferencias entre las regiones de estudio que permita su revalorización. Las regiones de estudio fueron: Soconusco en Tuxtla chico, Chiapas, la Selva en Palenque, Chiapas; la Chontalpa en Comalcalco, Tabasco y la Sierra Nororiental en Teziutlán, Puebla. En julio de 2019, se seleccionaron al azar 5 árboles para la cosecha de 44 frutos de cada región, lo que dio un total de 1 76 frutos y 1 584 determinaciones. Se realizó un análisis de varianza para encontrar las diferencias entre regiones y una prueba de Tukey para la comparación de medias de los parámetros morfológicos y fisicoquímicos evaluados, mediante el software estadístico Minitab®. Los frutos de la región de la Selva en Palenque, Chiapas, presentaron mayor valor en peso (417.50±69.70 g), longitud (18.48±1.56 cm), pulpa (282.09±54.72%) y grasa (50.29±2.03%). La región del Soconusco, Chiapas alcanzó los porcentajes más altos de proteína en pulpa (2.79±0.54%), semilla (1.76±0.14%) y cáscara (2.64±0.19%). Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la existencia de variación entre los materiales de Persea schiedeana Nees en las regiones estudiadas, permitiendo identificar aquellas con potencial agroindustrial, constituyendo una alternativa para diversificar la producción de Persea spp., en México.

Abstract Persea schiedeana Nees is a fruit tree native to Mesoamerica, partially endemic to Mexico, found along the plain of the Gulf of Mexico. The objective was to evaluate the edaphoclimatic, morphological and chemical descriptors and compare the differences between the study regions that allow their revaluation. The study regions were: Soconusco in Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas, Selva in Palenque, Chiapas; Chontalpa in Comalcalco, Tabasco and Sierra Nororiental in Teziutlán, Puebla. In July 2019, 5 trees were randomly selected from each region for the harvest of 44 fruits, giving a total of 176 fruits and 1 584 determinations. An analysis of variance was performed to find the differences between regions and a Tukey test for the comparison of means of the morphological and physicochemical parameters evaluated, using the statistical software Minitab®. The fruits from the Selva region in Palenque, Chiapas, presented greater value in weight (417.50±69.70 g), length (18.48±1.56 cm), pulp (282.09±54.72%) and fat (50.29±2.03%). The Soconusco region, Chiapas reached the highest percentages of protein in pulp (2.79±0.54%), seed (1.76±0.14%) and peel (2.64±0.19%). The results obtained suggest the existence of variation between the materials of Persea schiedeana Nees in the regions studied, allowing the identification of those with agroindustrial potential, constituting an alternative to diversify the production of Persea spp., in Mexico.

Abstract Cajeta is a Mexican artisanal candy elaborated from goat milk. While it is popular among consumers, it is necessary to find alternative uses to improve access to stable and fair trade for producers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a functional beverage using whey with different levels of inulin (4, 8 and 12%) as a prebiotic, guar gum (0.321, 0.625 and 1.25%) as a thickener and cajeta (20% v/v) as flavoring. Nine formulations were prepared, stored at 4 °C and analyzed on days 0, 7 and 14. The pH values were constant (5.9) in all formulations, while acidity exhibited changes on days 0 and 14. Flow properties of the beverages exhibited a non-Newtonian behavior and fitted best with the Power Law (PL). According to acceptance tests and a Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) questionnaire, it was possible to obtain a cajeta-flavored whey-beverage using lower concentrations of inulin and gum. The physicochemical characteristics provided by ingredients added in lower concentrations did not affect the organoleptic properties of the product, showed lower viscosity, and were highly accepted by most participants.

Eighteen indigenous strains of bacteria were isolated and characterized in order to select those with defined functional characteristics, to be utilized as starter cultures in the production of fresh cheese. The research was divided into three stages: (1) evaluation of functional characteristics (proteolytic activity, lipolytic activity, acidifying capacity and gas production); (2) selection and phenotypic identification of strains and (3) validation of their application as starter cultures at laboratory scale (tests of antagonism and growth kinetics in milk). Lactobacillus (56%), Lactococcus (22%) and Leuconostoc (22%) were the genders identified, they showed low acidifying power, without gas production and only 3 of 18 strains presented lipolytic activity, whereas most of them developed proteolytic activity. From the kinetic parameters calculated in this study is possible to determine the performance of the strains allowing to better control the process, increase the shelf life and quality of the final milk product.

Se aislaron y caracterizaron 18 cepas autóctonas de bacterias con el objetivo de seleccionar aquellas con características funcionales definidas para ser utilizadas como cultivos iniciadores en la producción de queso fresco. La investigación se dividió en tres etapas: (1) evaluación de las características funcionales (actividad proteolítica, actividad lipolítica, capacidad acidificante y producción de gas); (2) selección e identificación fenotípica de las cepas y (3) validación de su aplicación como cultivos iniciadores a nivel de laboratorio (pruebas de antagonismo y cinética de crecimiento en leche). Los géneros identificados fueron Lactobacillus (56%), Lactococcus (22%) y Leuconostoc (22%), que presentaron bajo poder acidificante, sin producción de gas y sólo 3 de las 18 cepas presentaron actividad lipolítica, mientras que la mayoría desarrolló actividad proteolítica. A partir de los parámetros cinéticos evaluados, es posible inferir el desempeño de las cepas lácticas, permitiendo con ello mejorar el control sobre los procesos, la vida útil y la calidad microbiológica del producto lácteo terminado.